In the eyes of college researchers, what is a good problem?How to ask a good question?How to solve a good problem?In a specific field of research, what are the preparations to find a good research problem?What basic principles are there to solve this problem?On the evening of April 10th, the first chapter of the first chapter of the discipline series of the School of Philosophy of Fudan University, “How is a good question born?”Academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Professor of Fudan University, Dean of the School of Chemistry and Materials Zhao Dongyuan, Professor of the School of Philosophy of Fudan University, and director of Fudan General Center, Sun Xiangchen was invited to give his own understanding of the above themes.Zhang Mingjun, a lecturer at the Department of Science and Logic of the School of Philosophy of Fudan University, presided over the event.
Talk on the scene
Academician Zhao Dongyuan and Professor Sun Xiangchen, based on their respective research fields, conceptual clarification and knowledge analysis of the relationship between science, philosophy, philosophy, and science respectively.At the same time, combined with their respective academic experience, they shared their understanding of a good academic problem and the personal experience in the process of effectively solving these scientific/philosophical problems.
Zhao Dongyuan first explored the question of “what is science”.He pointed out that the source of the word “science” that we often use in daily life has clearly recognized the word “science” in the modern sense of Chinese context.Ze Jiji’s translation of Western “Science”, in 1893, was introduced in China through Kang Youwei. Later, Yan Fu also adopted this translation method during translation of scientific works such as “Heaven Performance”.Since then, the word “science” has been widely used in China.But if it involves the next definition of “science”, it is not easy.However, in combination with relevant literature records and different scholars in the field of natural sciences, we can still form a general understanding of “science”, that is, science is based on “metaphysics”, “natural learning” and “mathematics”.Knowledge system.On this basis, you can also further refine the “three elements” and “four characteristics” about “science”.The so -called “three elements” is the purpose of science (discovery/creative law), the spirit of science (questioning, independence, unique), and scientific methods (logic, quantitative, empirical);”Verifying”, “systemic” and “developmentality”.
He then further clarified the relationship between science and technology, science and philosophy, and theology.He pointed out that science is often driven by curiosity and is useless; technology is often driven by quantitative targets, which is useful.The two are different in origin, purpose, characteristics, and expressions.This can be explained from the five important inventions of the first industrial revolution (shuttle, Jenny spinning machine, steam engine, steam ship, steam locomotive).However, at the same time, there is also a mutual promotion relationship between science and technology -science provides the foundation and support for the development of technology, and technological progress has continuously put forward new topics to scientific research, and in turn inspires scientific development.Regarding the relationship between science and philosophy and theology, Zhao Dongyuan summarized the “philosophy” of the ancient Greek source of the term “philosophy”, as well as Aristotle, Russell, Feng Youlan and others on “philosophy”.Philosophy and theology, and the end of philosophy is theology, science and philosophy are the same as root.
After clarifying the question of “science”, how to ask a good scientific question and analyze?Zhao Dongyuan took the scientific discovery of Einstein and Faraday in the history of science and the relevant scientific theory and practice as an example. It summarized how a good scientific problem was born, and emphasized the scientific verification and scientific methodology.He believes that compared with the birth of scientific issues, proof of scientific issues is more difficult.Because this requires precise verification of scientific experiments, and scientific experiments especially need to interpret logic, which is exactly what the Chinese people lack.To this end, we need to break through the traditional inductive law, rise to the deductive method of logical rationality, and enhance the innovation driving force.At the same time, in order to avoid the misunderstanding of scientific research innovation, we must also notice that the great scientific achievements should be standing on the shoulders of the giant; the real order of the world is the creation and invention of people.This is expressed in the fields of natural sciences and philosophy, such as Einstein, Galileo, Kant, and Cronek.Taking the porous materials in the natural world that he studies as an example, Zhao Dongyuan further shared the impact of the above -mentioned scientific, philosophical ideas and methods in the process of his own research -from step -by -step discovery, raising problems, to the final effectively solve complex intermodal holesThe synthesis of high molecular and carbon materials, which originality proposes the new ideas of organic-organic self-assembly with international influence, not only runs through the above theoretical methods, but also once again scientific evidence.
What is the “good problem” in the eyes of philosophy researchers?Professor Sun Xiangchen uses the theme of “problems in philosophy” to start his understanding from seven aspects, such as philosophy concepts, philosophy thinking, the relationship between philosophy and science, the problems in philosophical research, and student training.
He pointed out that the term “philosophy” is ubiquitous in daily life, and it seems that it can be matched with any discipline door category without disagreement.But if it comes to saying, it seems difficult to express it clearly.In this regard, philosophy can be said to be a very “strange” discipline.But if we analyze it carefully, we are always living in a certain concept. Through these concepts, the world is orderly, and our lives remain standardized.
He further traced the sources and definition of the concept of “philosophy” from two aspects of China and the West, and briefly introduced the two important genres of modern western philosophy -analysis philosophy and phenomenology’s understanding of “philosophy”.Based on this, philosophy is actually a doubt about the fundamental concern of human survival and its rational answers.Therefore, philosophy is not unattainable, everyone can be philosophers.When a person strives to think about some fundamental concepts in life, he is thinking about some philosophical thinking.This kind of thinking is conducive to us to better examine our lives and work, and overcome common prejudice.This is also the biggest characteristic of philosophical thinking -reflection, that is, trying to discover the original meaning of the original meaning and its inner structure behind various ideas.In the history of philosophy, from the continuous questions of ancient Greek philosopher Socrates, to the introverted exploration of modern Descartes, and to Heidegger’s discussions on the relationship between us and the world, philosophy is also a way of questioning, that is, we think it is to us.The fundamental nature that has never been doubtful for granted and never doubts.This is also related to the way of thinking in philosophy, that is, philosophy must be able to analyze the meaning contained in it, including all its concepts, logic and arguments.
In philosophical research, what is the standard of good issues and how to promote the research?Sun Xiangchen believes that one is to be able to focus on fundamental issues, the other is to implement in a specific academic field, and the third is to advance the cutting -edge academic interpretation or research path.He further shared several issues he currently focused on, such as from the subject matter to others, from the opposite sex to his opposite sex to the closeness of others, and how to understand this problem in Chinese ideological traditions.In addition, the problem of “kissing” is the direction he has been thinking about.He also emphasized that while focusing on the research of the problem, he must be able to accept criticism and refute, which is also the basic link of philosophical training.Because this is conducive to further clarification of concepts and arguments.Of course, you also need to use your own theory to respond to criticism and refute opinions, and constantly amend the imperfect statements and arguments, and explore the boundaries of your theoretical interpretation.In the end, he also shared how he paid attention to how to train their philosophical thinking and classic text reading ability during the student training process.
Jiang Yuting
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