At present, many scientists, scientists, scientific and technological philosophers, and scientific social function research areas at home and abroad, experts from the field of social function research overlooking science from the high degree of culture, using the deep perspective science of philosophy, using science in the needs of society, and appreciation of the spiritual palace appreciation.Science, they described science from different fields and different perspectives.So, what is science? We will discuss from the following three aspects: discussions on scientific concepts; whether science is knowledge derived from experience facts; whether science has the nature of double -edged swords.
one,Discussion on scientific concepts
Russian scientist Pavlov once warned young people: “To study the facts, compare the facts, and accumulate the facts. No matter how perfect the bird’s wings, if you don’t rely on air support, the bird’s body will never rise.In fact, you can never fly, there is no fact, your theory is to work hard.
The famous American physicist R.P.Feynman describes science: “Science is a specific method that leads to scientific discovery; it comes from the specific knowledge of scientific discovery; after certain scientific discovery, guide people’s technologies.Scientists are most concerned about the importance of scientific methods and the creation of new knowledge.
Zhang Jiuqing, a scientific and technological expert in our country, has been in the monographs since Newton: In the perspective of modern scientists, there is such a discussion about science: “Science is a complex social phenomenon.It is very difficult to produce a delicate and complete definition.There are different meanings on different occasions.
Karl Sagan, a professor of astronomy at the University of Cornell University, was once called “popular astronomers” and “public scientists” by the public.It is the best tool we have.: Science brings you happiness. “
British scholar Berner is described in the book of science in his sciences: “Science is both the most precious achievement of human wisdom and the most promising material welfare. Although some people doubt whether it can be classical like classicalAcademic academics provide the same good ordinary higher education. However, at the time, it was believed that its actual activities constituted the main foundation of social progress. “
The author believes that science comes from practice, so practice is the basis of science.The essence of science is to understand the objective world and explore truth.Science’s respect for facts, dependence on observation, cautiousness of conclusions, and correction of errors are an important manifestation of the essence of science.The connotation of science includes five aspects: scientific knowledge, scientific spirit, scientific ideas, scientific methods, and scientific morality.These five aspects are interconnected, blended with each other, and promote each other.
Science always develops in the objective world, researching and mastering objective laws, pursuing the truth, unremittingly pursuing the truth, and developing in the struggle with various errors.Therefore, the most basic characteristic of science is that it is bold to ask questions, dare to doubt, be courageous, respect the facts, obey the truth, not superstitious and blindly follow, and to advocate reason.
two,Is science a knowledge derived from the facts of experience?
Allen Chalmers has proposed a slogan in his representative work of contemporary science philosophy? “” Science guidance originated from facts. “In this book, he proposed that the popular concept of different characteristics of scientific knowledge can be expressed with a slogan -“science is derived from the facts.”He said: “When some people claim that science is special because it is based on facts, they predetermine the fact that the facts are about the world’s claims, and they can directly establish these claims by carefully and without prejudice.Above the things that are touched, not based on personal opinions or speculative imagination.It is reliable to push us from this factual foundation to the law that constitutes scientific knowledge and theoretical reasoning, then it can be considered that the knowledge obtained in this way itself is established and objective.
Science is a knowledge derived from the facts of experience.This is an influential proposition, and Ellen Chalmers is of great significance to this proposition.He believes that this is a wide range of common sense scientific concepts, and it is not only determined by seeing the truth, visual experience, but also the statement of the expression that can be observed.Misplicable.The process of modern science shows that it is because of the observation and experiments made by Galileo, and his attitude of challenging the authority (especially the authority of the philosopher Aristotle and the authority of the Bible) with observation and experiments, so that modernityScience has become possible.
The author believes that the proposition of “science is a knowledge derived from the facts of experience” not only has important practical significance for us to understand science, but also warns that scientific knowledge is not fully infracted by authority. It should be challenging and critical spirit.Study science.Only in this way can we truly understand the connotation of science and promote the further development of science.
Three and offDiscussion on the scientific double -edged sword
Scientifically participating in our lives more than we think of.Science has become a very fashionable word contemporary.American scientist Bernard Baber describes sciences like this:
We just need to examine the many imaginations of the public and individuals for science, and we can see how many different aspects of science show.Science is a person wearing a white coat. It is probably the most often done in the laboratory to play with test tubes.Or scientists are Einstein’s theory of relativity.It is due to a formula -E = MC2——— And know.A complex machine described by some authors as a “machine brain” may be a new type of electronic computer, which is another symbol of science…. Despite the atomic bomb, science still means the satisfaction and realization of hope, scientific discovery has discovered insulin, Pannisin, and even a cold disaster for minor illnesses -Drugs; science often expand our material wealth; and science has never stopped looking for the pace of cure cure of cancer, pediatric paralysis, mental illness, and countless other human diseases.”
Science not only penetrates all aspects of our lives, but affects our lifestyle; it can also be the banner in the hands of politicians, which can become the power of condensing people’s hearts; it can also be a brand of products on the shelves.It can be a label of culture, adding color to the cultural circle that advocates popularity and catching up with fashion.Indeed, in today’s human beings, there is nothing else that promotes the progress of human society like science and is so desirable and curious, but there is no other thing that causes unprecedented anxiety and confusion to human beings like science.
As a result, a scientific double -edged sword problem is in front of us, which is worth reflecting.The negative impact of science and technology was revealed after two World War.
As early as the 19th century, with the rapid development of the Industrial Revolution, the scientific double -edged sword problem has begun to show.Max and Engels, who have excellent wisdom and visionary proletarian revolutionary tutors, have seen this keenly, and have issued a warning of deafening, but they are not helpful.In 1962, American marine biologist Lachel Kasun published the epoch -making works in the history of environmental protection.It is this kind of pesticide that has made great achievements in history that appears in where it should not appear.The eight major incidents that shocked the world (the nuclear pollution incident in the three mile island in the United States, the Bopa poison gas leakage incident in India, and the explosion of the Chel Nobel Nuclear Power Station in the Soviet Union, etc.), which made humans have to reflect on themselvesConquer the advanced science and technology created by nature.The successful research of cloned sheep and stem cells has made people believe in the replication of people described in science fiction.There is also a problem of human terminator, that is, the human brain and computer, the “deep blue” defeat the chess king, the robot residence, the robot to defeat the football world champion and other issues.The issue of life science that plagues human beings, that is, genetic crops, cloned people, and disappearing natural issues; demons in the information age, that is, information anxiety, information explosion, Internet hidden, net fantasy and other issues;Nuclear “inheritance”, nuclear power pits for nuclear power and nuclear power; tumors of civilized society, that is, terrorism and other issues.This series of issues challenged social scientists.At this time, the relationship between science and the public is already in a storm.
Today, in the era of knowledge economy, a rapid rise of an economic system based on the production and transformation of knowledge and transformation of knowledge has increased the impact of science and technology in the fields of politics, society, economy, life, culture, and military in various countries in the world.EssenceScience is not only the science of scientists, but also becoming a matter of production and life with politicians, entrepreneurs, militaryists, cultural people, and ordinary people.
This article is an excerpt from the first chapter of Jin Ping’s “Development of Science and University of Science”, which has been deleted.
Scientific development and university popularization
Jin Ping write
Editor -in -chief: Hou Junlin, Zhang Fan, Li Yibu Xin
Beijing: Science Press 2016.01
ISBN 9787030300959
The popularization of science and technology has been promoting the progress and development of scientific causes for a long time, and has composed a history of human glory.Today, universities have also endlessly become the backbone that cannot be ignored in the era of science and science popularization. It can be said that university popularization is indispensable.”The Development of Science and the University of Science” is the origin of science and the birth of the university, the development history of basic disciplines such as mathematics, physics, chemistry, and the significance of scientific experiments and scientific discovery.The five parts of the popular science popularization of popular science innovation are composed of five parts, and the main line of university popularization and innovation education is designed to popularize scientific knowledge, advocate scientific methods, spread scientific ideas, and promote the spirit of science to help more readers broaden scientific thinking, expand expansionScientific vision.
(Editor in this issue: Quiet)
Read science together!
Science Press │ WeChat ID: SciencePress-CSPM
Professional quality academic value
Original good reading scientific taste
More good materials, look forward to your manuscript
Meeting with science | Science Press Metropolis Inquiry
https://blog.scienceNet.cn/blog-528739-111931.html
Previous: Chronic cough 丨 illustration science